Topic 8 The Periodic Table

8.1 Periodic trends
(a) describe the Periodic Table as an arrangement of the elements in the order of increasing proton (atomic) number
Please read p284
(b) *describe how the position of an element in the Periodic Table is related to proton number and electronic structure
(c) *describe the relationship between Group number and the ionic charge of an element 
(d) explain the similarities between the elements in the same Group of the Periodic Table in terms of their electronic structure

(e) describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character from left to right across a period of the Periodic Table Please read p285

(f) *describe the relationship between Group number, number of valency electrons and metallic/non-metallic character
Please read p286-287

(g) *predict the properties of elements in Group I, VII and the transition elements using the Periodic Table
Please read p289-293

8.2 Group properties

(a) describe lithium, sodium and potassium in Group I (the alkali metals) as a collection of relatively soft, low-density metals showing a trend in melting point and in their reaction with water
Please read p289-291

(b) describe chlorine, bromine and iodine in Group VII (the halogens) as a collection of diatomic non-metals showing a trend in colour, state and their displacement reactions with solutions of other halide ions

Please read p292-294

(c) describe the elements in Group 0 (the noble gases) as a collection of monatomic elements that are chemically unreactive and hence important in providing an inert atmosphere, e.g. argon and neon in light bulbs; helium in balloons; argon in the manufacture of steel

Please read p295-296

(d) describe the lack of reactivity of the noble gases in terms of their electronic structures

8.3 Transition elements

(a) describe the central block of elements (transition metals) as metals having high melting points, high density, variable oxidation state and forming coloured compounds

(b) state the use of these elements and/or their compounds as catalysts, e.g. iron in the Haber process; vanadium(V) oxide in the Contact process; nickel in the hydrogenation of alkenes, and how catalysts are used in industry to lower energy demands and hence are economically advantageous and help conserve energy sources